Poland Twenty Years With Market Economy

Twenty Years of Debate with

This is my contribution to Stephen Hawking's 60th birthday party. Happy Birthday Stephen!

Thirty Years of Chinese Reform --- Transition from Planned Economy to Market Economy

The traditional Chinese planned economic system was formed during the first several years of the founding of PRC. Under this system, all sorts of behaviors by individuals, economic organizations and administrative organizations for their interests restrained vigor of the economy. Cost of this system was extremely high, but its efficiency was rather low. Reform started in the late 1970s has take...

Consumption and Income Inequality During the Transition to a Market Economy : Poland , 1985 – 1992

This paper challenges the conventional wisdom that income and consumption inequality in Poland increased substantially following the economic transition in 1989–90. Using microdata from the 1985–92 Household Budget Surveys, we find that overall income inequality increased in 1989 but subsequently declined to pretransition levels. The distribution of consumption reveals a similar pattern. Social...

Twenty-five years experience with extracorporeal septoplasty.

Even today, the difficult septum presents a surgical problem. A severe septum deformity is caused mostly by an accident or is seen in patients with malformations such as cleft lip and palate deformity. It is characterized by a massive malformation in all levels with consecutive blocking of one or both airways. Such marked septal deformities cannot be corrected properly by standard septoplasty t...

Twenty-Five Years Ago